Diesel Emission Control Strategies

February 24, 1999

Prepared by:
ESI International
1660 L Street NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20036

Complete Report

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Diesel Engines and Associated Emissions

2.1 Diesel Engine Operation

2.2 Types of Diesel Engines

2.3 Diesel Engine Emissions

3. Diesel Emission Control

3.1 Diesel Engine Design and Emission Reduction Advances

3.1.1 Fuel Injector Design

3.1.2 Fuel Injection Pressure

3.1.3 Turbocharging and Air Cooling

3.1.4 Intake Manifold and Port Design

3.1.5 Combustion Chamber Design

3.1.6 Oil Control

3.2 Diesel Exhaust Emission Control Technologies

3.2.1 Diesel Oxidation Catalysts

3.2.1.1 Operating Characteristics and Control Capabilities

3.2.1.2 Operating Experience

3.2.2 Diesel Particulate Filters

3.2.2.2 Operating Characteristics and Control Capabilities

3.2.2.2 Operating Experience

3.2.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)

3.2.3.1 Operating Characteristics and Control Capabilities

3.2.3.2 Operating Experience

3.2.4 Engine Treatments and Modifications in Combination with Exhaust Emission Control Technologies

3.2.4.1 Operating Characteristics an Control Capabilities

3.2.4.2 Operating Experience

3.2.5 Lean-NO Catalysts

3.2.5.1 Operating Characteristics and Control Capabilities

3.2.6 Other Upcoming Advanced Diesel Exhaust Emission Control Technologies

3.2.7 Summary of Diesel Exhaust Emission Control Technologies

4. Summary of Relevant, Worldwide Diesel Regulations

4.1 Air Quality Regulations for Underground

4.1.1 Summary of Worldwide Air Quality Regulations for Underground Mines

4.1.1.1 Diesel Engine Tailpipe Emission Standards

4.1.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Standards

4.1.1.3 Diesel Fuel Quality Standards

4.1.2 Air Quality Regulations for Underground Mines in the United States

4.2 United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

4.3 European Union

5. Diesel Exhaust Emission Control for the Underground Mining Industry

5.1 Catalyst Technology

5.2 Diesel Particulate Filters

5.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction

5.4 Summary

6. Cost of Exhaust Emission Control Technology

7. Conclusions

References

Tables

Table 1: Typical HDD Engine Specifications Required to Meet Current Federal Standards

Table 2: 8-mode Emissions Data from a Deutz BF 4M 1012C

Table 3: Summary of Diesel Exhaust Emission Control Technology

Table 4 - Diesel Engine Tailpipe Emission Standards for Underground Mines

Table 5 - Ambient Air Quality Regulations for Underground Mines

Table 6 - Diesel Fuel Quality Requirements for Underground Mines

Table 7: U.S. Onroad Heavy-Duty Engine Emission Standards

Table 8: U.S. Nonroad Compression Ignition (CI) Engine Emission Standards

Table 9: Stage I Standards

Table 10: Stage II Standards

Table 11: Standards for Heavy-Duty Engines (g/kWh) ECE 24.03 and EU Directive 72/306/EEC

Table 12: Cost of Emission Control Technology

Figures

Figure 1: PM/NO Tradeoff Associated with Diesel Engines

Figure 2: Diesel Particulate Matter Formation

Figure 3: Operating Principle of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst

Figure 4: Effect of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst on PAH Emissions

Figure 5: Diesel Particulate Filter

Figure 6: Selective Catalytic Reduction

Figure 7: Zeolite Lean-NO Catalyst

Figure 8: Performance as a Function of Three Lean-NO Zeolite Catalysts

Figure 9: Lean-NO Adsorber Technology

Figure 10: Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Reduction

Figure 11: Particle Number Distribution

Figure 12: Particle Number Distribution

Posted: June 29, 1999

Diesel Emission Control Strategies Available To The Underground Mining Industry

Table of Contents

Tables

Figures